Income and Expenditure

Mexican population growth is sustained by substantial immigration flows and natural change levels, resulting in Generation Z and millennials emerging as dominant age groups with increasing influence in consumer market. ICT stands as a critical…

Nigeria's consumer income growth is expected to lag behind the regional average over 2022-2027, double-digit inflation and elevated unemployment hindering income gains. Climate change and persisting war in Ukraine add to rising food prices,…

With India’s strong economic development, consumer spending and incomes are expected to grow at a comparatively faster pace. However, elevated prices will continue to pressure the vast low-income class, while income inequalities will continue to…

With Hong Kong’s economy reopening, consumer spending and income growth are expected to accelerate. However, elevated prices lead to more cautious consumer behaviour, while income inequalities persist at high levels, with wealth concentrated among a…

New Zealand is projected to experience moderate economic growth over the period of 2022-2027, leading to an increase in per capita gross income. Later Lifers, particularly the 65+ age group, are expected to dominate the top-income band and shape…

Per capita income levels in Japan are among the highest regionally, but are set to record a slight decline in real terms over the period to 2027. Medium-term consumer market development is set to be hindered by deepening social and gender inequality,…

Rapidly aging population and negative rate of natural change in Italy compensated by growing immigration and influx of refugees. Consumer trends and consumption patterns sparked by the pandemic are still observed in 2022, and consumers are…

The report analyses the economic state of Sub-Saharan Africa. It seeks to assess the opportunities in the region against the backdrop of its young, large and fast-growing population, as well as the bottlenecks Sub-Saharan Africa faces, including…

Population expansion, higher birth rates, urbanisation, migration and generational shifts continue to shape Turkey’s demographic landscape. Persisting economic challenges influence Turkish consumption patterns with more people seeking affordability.…

In 2022, the Philippines was characterised by low-income households; however, per capita gross income is projected to increase in real terms between 2022 and 2027. The Middle Youth population is set to become the dominant group in the top-income…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

The economy in the Philippines grew rapidly in 2022 and urbanization as well as consumer income are forecast to grow. The average number of children per household is expected to decline, while smaller homes remain popular but larger properties show…

The global energy crisis has had far-reaching implications for consumers, businesses and entire economies, highlighting the importance of the global energy transition and boosting energy efficiency, while creating opportunities for innovation and…

Affordable sustainability is now paramount, given the cost of living crisis. Consumers want low prices but this does not necessarily mean giving up sustainable choices. Making sustainability affordable is a global need, where companies can play a key…

Consumers are facing increased pressure from rising prices as global inflation reaches 7% in 2023. The impact of higher costs of living is felt from top earners in developed markets to struggling households in emerging and developing countries.…

Italy's economic growth will remain stagnant, hampering the long-term expansion of consumer incomes. In the near future, the increasing cost of living will erode purchasing power and limit discretionary spending. By 2027, Mid-Lifers are expected to…

Ageing, urbanisation and generational shifts shape China's demographic landscape. The number of seniors is projected to witness a substantial increase by 2040 while life expectancy grows and birth rates remain at all-time lows. Being the largest…

Cities are hubs for spending, with 80% of expenditure expected to be generated by urban areas in 2023. Spending growth in 2023 will, however, be sluggish, as cost of living challenges force consumers to be more conservative in their expenditure. Over…