Eastern Europe

Lithuania has a solid coffee-drinking culture, and its popularity far outweighs tea drinking. Traditionally, tea was normally consumed as an addition to the daily intake of hot drinks. However, its popularity waned across the review period as the…

In 2023, tea repeated its success from the previous year by yet again achieving a strong retail value growth rate and continuing on a path towards full recovery in retail volume terms following the negative impact of the COVID-19 crisis. Significant…

Despite the prevailing inflation in Romania, bags and luggage continued to exhibit growth. Average unit prices surged in 2022 and 2023 due to increased costs associated with energy, raw materials, and other factors. This led many Romanians to opt for…

Bottled water is generally seen as a more “premium” niche in Lithuania, due to the high quality of the tap water in the country. This means that consumers do not typically add bottled water to their shopping lists as a necessity and, in this sense,…

Tap water in most parts of the country remains suitable for human consumption and in certain areas is of excellent quality despite ongoing concerns about overall environmental pollution. However, as health and wellness trends continue to impact soft…

Carbonates continues to face challenges, due to the majority of drinks in the category deemed to be unhealthy due to their high sugar content. Added to which, the current economic conditions mean consumers are prioritising essentials over…

In 2023, carbonates achieved minimal off-trade volume growth as consumer demand was significantly impacted by the negative image that carbonates has gained amongst increasingly health conscious consumers, largely, though not entirely, due to the…

Concentrates is an uninteresting category in Lithuania, with low interest and few developments. One key reason for this is the unhealthy image of concentrates, due to the high sugar content in such products.

Concentrates registered decline in off-trade volume terms in 2023 as liquid concentrates sales fell due to diminishing consumer demand. At the same time, thanks to the significant unit price increases in the context of high rates of general…

Energy drinks is the other robustly performing category, along with sports drinks. Whilst energy drinks took a hit during the pandemic lockdowns, off-trade volume growth has followed a most positive trajectory over the review period and this…

In 2023, energy drinks saw off-trade volume sales rise as demand was driven by the younger generation of consumers, mostly Millennials and Gen Z, whose demand increased as they resumed partying and socialising after the disruption resulting from the…

Amid challenging economic conditions, local consumers have shown a rising interest in investing in fine jewellery, particularly gold. Fine jewellery has also gained popularity as a high-value gift item. In addition, the lifting of pandemic…

Juice sales continue to decline in Lithuania, due to such products losing their perceived “healthy” image due to high sugar content, along with high prices placing downwards pressure on demand. Traditionally, juice had been perceived as a “healthier”…

Juice achieved stable off-trade volume growth in 2023 with sales supported by the continued consumer demand for the largest product categories, especially nectars and juice drinks. In addition, the continued shift from carbonates to juice is having a…

Even though inflation remained high in Romania in 2023, personal accessories saw growth in both current value and volume terms. Romanians are increasingly preoccupied with improving their personal image, and despite declining purchasing power, they…

Whilst RTD coffee sees positive off-trade volume growth, the category is mostly uninteresting for consumers in Lithuania, with overall volumes sold remaining minimal. RTD coffee faces direct and strong competition from hot brewed coffee and energy…

RTD coffee continued to rebound from the impact of the COVID-19 crisis in 2023, as consumers returned to their familiar hectic lifestyles in the absence of movement restrictions and once again demanded soft drinks for on-the-go consumption. RTD…

RTD tea remains in a slump in 2023, despite seeing some upticks to the category’s performance in earlier years due to the novelty value. Overall, however, RTD tea is not a traditional or popular beverage in Lithuania, carries no clear benefit…

The health and wellness trend, which is exerting a strong influence across soft drinks, has had a particularly marked impact on the development of the RTD tea category. With increasing awareness of the rise in the prevalence of obesity and other…

Sales in soft drinks remain in a decline in Lithuania in 2023, albeit showing a less steep slump in off-trade volume terms than seen in 2022. This is attributed to ongoing economic challenges, starting with the era of the pandemic, following into the…

Soft drinks achieved minimal off-trade volume growth and double-digit off-trade value growth in North Macedonia in 2023 amidst rising unit prices and the broader impact of inflation. The on-trade recovery of soft drinks continued during the year,…

Sports drinks is seeing robust off-trade volume growth, bucking the general trends which are suppressing sales in soft drinks as a whole. Sales in sports drinks are supported by consumers returning to gymnasiums and other sporting activities in the…

In 2023, the sports drinks category saw off-trade volume growth as demand was driven by the health and wellness trend and the growing gym culture, which has continued to accelerate, despite the demographic problems facing the country. The health and…

The challenging economic climate has significantly impacted consumer behaviour in Romania when it comes to watches. Some consumers, whose budgets have been constrained by inflation, have opted for more affordable products or delayed their purchases,…

Following interruption during COVID-19-related restrictions and widespread homeschooling, the accelerating ‘back to work’ trend has led to both volume and current value sales growth of writing instruments in Romania in 2023.

The lifting of travel restrictions post-COVID-19 has had a positive impact on luggage, backpacks, business bags and handbags with these subcategories, particularly luggage, registering growth in both current retail value terms, albeit at a slower…

The affordability of lab-grown diamonds is a significant factor in their growing popularity in Poland. With prices up to 85% lower than natural diamonds of identical carat weight and grade, lab-grown diamonds present a cost-effective alternative for…

In 2023, inflation had a significant impact on personal accessories in Poland. The cost of living and average unit prices of essential items increased, leading Polish consumers to gravitate towards more affordable and durable products, especially in…

For traditional and high-end watches, brick-and-mortar retailers remain the preferred distribution channel in Poland, with jewellery and watch specialists accounting for the large majority of sales in 2023. The tactile experience of seeing and…

There was modest volume growth in 2022, partly due to an influx of Ukrainian refugees fleeing the Russian invasion and partly as a result of a post-pandemic return to regular school and work patterns. However writing instruments saw a decline in…

The Czech Republic has a high acceptance of cannabis due to the long-standing tradition of cannabis cultivation and usage in the country. Cannabis legislation has been an issue since the 1990s, when there was an early attempt at legalisation. As it…

Kosovo has suffered from significant political instability, whilst corruption is pervasive. Nevertheless, European Union (EU) accession is on the cards and the economy is expected to outperform peers in the near term. The consumer market remains…

Although Moldova is ‘moderately free’ for economic freedom, Russia’s influence operations may spur instability. Economic growth to rebound over the near term, outperforming regional average. The population is shrinking and ageing rapidly, which…

In Mozambique, ongoing conflict and corruption exacerbate economic challenges. The economy is hindered by high unemployment and reliance on agriculture. The young and growing population remains impoverished, facing healthcare and educational hurdles,…

Improving state finances and effective control of corruption are adding to Latvia’s economic freedom, but relations with neighbours continue to be tense. Economic momentum is moderating, owing to high inflation that is hitting consumption, but the…

Increasing authoritarianism and corruption are resulting in mass protests, although fiscal discipline is leading to better state finances. Economic momentum is slowing, owing to high inflation and reduced external demand, but foreign investment…

Although Slovenia has been beset by political instability and corruption remains an issue, its economic freedom is one of the best in Eastern Europe. However, the economy is slowing, as inflation is elevated, whilst its highly open nature exposes its…

In 2022, packaging in Poland was becoming increasingly influenced again by pre-pandemic lifestyles and practices. For example, sugar confectionery experienced a significant shift towards smaller packaging options. The more compact sizes helped to…

In 2022, Romania’s packaging industry witnessed dynamic shifts influenced by economic challenges and consumer preferences. Larger pack sizes became the preferred choice across a variety of categories, offering consumers economic advantages amid…

Poland has become a strategic powerhouse for FMCG industries in Eastern Europe in the past two decades, and especially during the current geopolitical climate. The cannabis market is still in its infancy in Poland; however, a range of factors sets a…

In 2023, cafés/bars continue to recover from the significant declines recorded in the channel at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020, recording strong double-digit value growth in the year. Growth can be attributed to the growing interest…

At the start of 2023, operators of cafés/bars were in an upbeat mood as 2022 had delivered relatively good results despite soaring energy prices and costs. The prolonged high levels of inflation and diminishing consumer purchasing power proved…

The total elimination of COVID-19 restrictions in 2022 continued to impact results in 2023, with socialising driving visits to bars and cafés. However, inflation remained high in 2023, and while sales increased, there were reduced growth rates for…

Bars/pubs registered very healthy double-digit constant value growth in 2023, in spite of high inflation. There were also a significant number of openings. The introduction of a permanent reduced 10% VAT rate bolstered the sector. That being said,…

Bars/pubs in the Czech Republic saw growth in transactions and current value sales slow sharply in 2023 as inflationary pressures continued to drive up alcoholic drinks prices and weaken purchasing power among consumers. Because it is much cheaper to…

Driven by rising unit prices and strong inflationary pressure, consumer foodservice continued to record double-digit value growth in 2023. The performance varied depending on the location; however, all categories managed to grow at a similar rate and…

The year 2023 marked the first complete year without any significant COVID-19 restrictions or social constraints. Locals compensated for the long absence of social gatherings, entertainment and events by spending more time outside of the house. This…

Consumer foodservice through stand-alone saw a double-digit value sales increase in 2023. The domination of stand-alone is the strong, long tradition of opening stand-alone locations in the country. The scarcity of large retail malls, leisure areas,…

Retail locations registered the highest value growth, as retail locations continue to be sought after locations, due to their high footfall. Also, in 2023, the Eurovea shopping centre in Bratislava expanded its food hall and it is now the largest…

The Czech foodservice market saw growing numbers of operators in standalone locations downsize to smaller outlets in 2023. Most visible among independents, this trend was partly explained by the desire to reduce overheads and maintain or improve…